2025年上半(ban)年，全(quan)國(guo)宏觀經濟在(zai)復(fu)雜嚴(yan)峻(jun)的外部環境下(xia)展現出(chu)強勁韌性(xing)與活力，GDP同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長5.3%，增(zeng)(zeng)速較(jiao)去(qu)年同(tong)期和去(qu)年全(quan)年均提升0.3個百分(fen)點。在(zai)此背景下(xia)，通用機械行(xing)業(ye)運行(xing)穩中向好(hao)，營收、利潤等重要指(zhi)標均實現同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長，出(chu)口超出(chu)預(yu)期，以創(chuang)新驅動和綠色轉(zhuan)型推進(jin)行(xing)業(ye)產業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調整取得顯著(zhu)成效，行(xing)業(ye)經濟運行(xing)持續改善。

一、行業經濟運行情況

【整體(ti)運行穩中向好(hao)】

上(shang)半年，通(tong)用機械行(xing)業整體運行(xing)穩中向好，在存量(liang)政(zheng)策與新一輪“兩新”“兩重”政(zheng)策加力擴圍疊(die)加拉動下，國(guo)內(nei)市場(chang)需求改善，帶動行(xing)業發(fa)展整體形勢好于上(shang)年同期，通(tong)用機械行(xing)業營(ying)收、利(li)潤(run)、主(zhu)要產品產量(liang)均實現同比(bi)增長。

國家統計局數(shu)據，8842家規模以上行業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)實現(xian)營業(ye)(ye)收(shou)入5218.15億元，同比(bi)增長4.45%，增速(su)比(bi)全(quan)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)低1.95個(ge)百分(fen)點，比(bi)機械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)低3.35個(ge)百分(fen)點；實現(xian)利潤(run)總額365.98億元，同比(bi)增長3.95%，增速(su)比(bi)全(quan)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)高5.75個(ge)百分(fen)點，但比(bi)機械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)低5.45個(ge)百分(fen)點。行業(ye)(ye)營收(shou)增速(su)高于去(qu)年同期(qi)及去(qu)年全(quan)年水平，利潤(run)總額自(zi)今年一季(ji)度扭轉同比(bi)下降的態勢后(hou)，二(er)季(ji)度繼續(xu)保持增長，且增速(su)較一季(ji)度末略有加快。

產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量完成方面(mian)，國家(jia)統計(ji)局數(shu)據，上半年通(tong)用機械(xie)行業泵、風(feng)機、氣體(ti)壓縮機、閥門、氣體(ti)分(fen)離及(ji)液化(hua)設(she)(she)備、減(jian)變(bian)速機6種(zhong)重點(dian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量均(jun)實現同比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，但增(zeng)(zeng)速較(jiao)一季(ji)度末有(you)明顯回(hui)落，一季(ji)度泵、風(feng)機、氣體(ti)壓縮機、氣體(ti)分(fen)離及(ji)液化(hua)設(she)(she)備、減(jian)變(bian)速機5種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量同比實現兩位數(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，至二季(ji)度末只有(you)氣體(ti)分(fen)離及(ji)液化(hua)設(she)(she)備和鼓風(feng)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量增(zeng)(zeng)速超2位數(shu)，其余(yu)重點(dian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量增(zeng)(zeng)速均(jun)回(hui)落至10%以內。

全國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)機械工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)情況：國(guo)家統計局數據，上半年全國(guo)規模以(yi)(yi)上工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)6.4%。其(qi)中(zhong)，采(cai)礦業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)6.0%，制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)7.0%，電(dian)力(li)、熱力(li)、燃氣(qi)及水生產和(he)供應業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)1.9%。裝備制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)10.2%；高(gao)(gao)技術制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.5%。全國(guo)規模以(yi)(yi)上工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)營業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入(ru)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)2.5%，利潤(run)總(zong)額同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下降1.8%。機械工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模以(yi)(yi)上企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.0%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)提高(gao)(gao)3個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)，營業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入(ru)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)7.8%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)提高(gao)(gao)6.8個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)，利潤(run)總(zong)額同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.4%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)提高(gao)(gao)13.1個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian)。

【出口形(xing)勢好于預期】

上(shang)半年應對美(mei)國(guo)關稅戰背景下，通用機(ji)械行(xing)業出(chu)口(kou)(kou)、進口(kou)(kou)、貿易(yi)順差(cha)均(jun)實(shi)現同比增(zeng)長，出(chu)口(kou)(kou)形(xing)勢好于預期，出(chu)口(kou)(kou)額(e)和貿易(yi)順差(cha)增(zeng)速(su)較上(shang)年同期明顯加(jia)快。通用機(ji)械行(xing)業成功(gong)打破美(mei)國(guo)新一(yi)輪“關稅戰”的(de)壓(ya)制，外貿韌性進一(yi)步(bu)增(zeng)強。

據(ju)海(hai)關數據(ju)，上半年(nian)通用機械47種重點產品(pin)累計進出口總額273.1億(yi)(yi)美元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)15.13%，其中(zhong):進口71.58億(yi)(yi)美元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)4.16%，出口201.52億(yi)(yi)美元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)19.6%，進出口順差(cha)129.94億(yi)(yi)美元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)30.23%。

通用機械行業(ye)重(zhong)點產品按出(chu)口(kou)(kou)額排名前(qian)十位(wei)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)家或地區(qu)分別(bie)為：美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)、俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)、印度尼西亞(ya)、越(yue)南、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)、印度、阿聯酋、泰國(guo)(guo)(guo)。其中，出(chu)口(kou)(kou)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下降3.89%（一季度末(mo)為同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長8.33%）；出(chu)口(kou)(kou)俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長15.69%；出(chu)口(kou)(kou)印度尼西亞(ya)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長13.04%。分區(qu)域看，上半年(nian)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)東盟10國(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長17.26%；出(chu)口(kou)(kou)歐盟27國(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長7.47%；出(chu)口(kou)(kou)中亞(ya)5國(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長45.16%。

按進(jin)口額排名前十位的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家或(huo)地(di)區分別為(wei)：德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、日(ri)本、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、意大(da)利(li)、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瑞士、法(fa)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瑞典(dian)、英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、馬來西亞。其(qi)中(zhong)德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)口同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)0.71%；日(ri)本進(jin)口同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)12.87%；美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)口同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)8.5%（一(yi)季度末為(wei)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)11.73%），而去年同(tong)(tong)期為(wei)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)降(jiang)低5.17%。

【重點聯系(xi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)營收、利(li)潤增(zeng)速低于行業(ye)(ye)整體水(shui)平】

據中通協(xie)對(dui)210家重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)聯系(xi)(xi)會員企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)統計，上(shang)半年完(wan)成(cheng)工業(ye)(ye)總(zong)產值686.14億元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降3.01%；實(shi)現營(ying)業(ye)(ye)收(shou)入623.21億元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)0.8%；實(shi)現利(li)潤(run)總(zong)額57.44億元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)降3.81%。重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)聯系(xi)(xi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)營(ying)收(shou)、利(li)潤(run)總(zong)額增速低(di)于(yu)行業(ye)(ye)整體水平。參(can)與統計的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)聯系(xi)(xi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)分化明顯(xian)，營(ying)收(shou)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)約(yue)(yue)49%，利(li)潤(run)總(zong)額同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)約(yue)(yue)43%，盈利(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)約(yue)(yue)78%。

【創新驅動成果豐碩】

行業(ye)大力推動科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)，科(ke)技(ji)成果持續涌現(xian)，并(bing)不斷加快(kuai)轉化應用。尤其在核電、儲能等領域，形成了一批重(zhong)要新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)、新(xin)技(ji)術。

沈鼓集(ji)團研發的“國和二(er)號”屏蔽電機主泵(beng)一次性通(tong)過工程試驗考核，水(shui)力性能、惰(duo)轉性能等核心指標(biao)均達到設計要(yao)求。天華院(yuan)自主研發承(cheng)制的兩(liang)套甲烷化(hua)余熱(re)回收器(qi)55億(yi)標(biao)方/年煤制天然氣(qi)項(xiang)目一次開車成(cheng)功并穩定運行。中船(chuan)集(ji)團七一一所承(cheng)制的LNG運輸船(chuan)LNG深冷(leng)式再(zai)液化(hua)裝置撬塊順利完成(cheng)建造進入最后驗證階段。

此外，華龍一號核電機組(zu)主蒸汽(qi)安全閥、百萬(wan)千瓦級(ji)核電站軸封(feng)型反應堆(dui)冷卻劑泵(beng)(華泵(beng)一號)樣機、光(guang)熱發電及(ji)儲能熔(rong)鹽泵(beng)、超臨界二氧化碳儲能壓(ya)縮機用多(duo)級(ji)整(zheng)體(ti)式高速(su)齒輪箱、多(duo)級(ji)液環屏蔽式TEG廢氣壓(ya)縮機機組(zu)、低能耗四(si)塔徑向床變壓(ya)吸附制(zhi)氧設備(bei)等多(duo)項科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果通(tong)過鑒定。

二、行(xing)業發展面臨的困難和挑戰

【市(shi)場仍面(mian)臨需要(yao)不足壓(ya)力】

在國家系列(lie)政策拉動下(xia)，上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)通用機(ji)械行業(ye)市場需求明顯改善，6種重(zhong)點(dian)產品泵（包括真(zhen)空(kong)泵）、風(feng)機(ji)（包括鼓風(feng)機(ji)）、氣(qi)體壓縮機(ji)、閥門(men)、氣(qi)體分離及液化設備、減(jian)速(su)機(ji)產量均(jun)實現同比(bi)增(zeng)長，但(dan)二(er)季度產品產量增(zeng)速(su)放緩，行業(ye)營收增(zeng)速(su)也較(jiao)一季度有所減(jian)慢，據協(xie)會對210家重(zhong)點(dian)聯系企(qi)業(ye)統計，上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)約51%的企(qi)業(ye)累計訂(ding)貨額同比(bi)增(zeng)長，約49%的企(qi)業(ye)同比(bi)下(xia)降。下(xia)半年(nian)(nian)行業(ye)仍(reng)面臨(lin)需求不足的壓力。

【行(xing)業“內卷式(shi)”競爭加劇】

通用機械行業“內卷(juan)式”競(jing)爭嚴重，中低端產品同(tong)質化競(jing)爭導致大打價(jia)格戰(zhan)，企業利潤空(kong)間被嚴重壓縮(suo)，行業利潤率持續在較低水平，研發投入被價(jia)格戰(zhan)侵蝕，抑(yi)制了創新(xin)動能。亟(ji)需研究如(ru)何加強行業自律，規范企業行為，維(wei)護市(shi)場公平競(jing)爭環境。

【外(wai)貿(mao)市場不確定性(xing)仍較大】

在當前外(wai)(wai)部環境(jing)更趨嚴峻(jun)復雜，全(quan)球(qiu)貿易(yi)保護主義持(chi)續升溫，中美貿易(yi)摩擦升級，外(wai)(wai)貿市場不確(que)定性增強的形勢下，行業(ye)企業(ye)應高(gao)度關注美國“關稅戰”走向對世界經濟(ji)和全(quan)球(qiu)產業(ye)鏈的影響，做好應對措施。

三、發(fa)展預期

2025年(nian)(nian)是“十四五(wu)”規(gui)劃的收(shou)官之年(nian)(nian)，上半年(nian)(nian)國(guo)民經濟迎(ying)難而上、穩中向好(hao)，新(xin)動能成長壯大，高質量發展取得(de)新(xin)進展，為明(ming)年(nian)(nian)“十五(wu)五(wu)”實現(xian)良好(hao)開局打下了堅實基礎。

上半(ban)年國家實施(shi)更(geng)加(jia)積極的財政(zheng)政(zheng)策和(he)適度寬松的貨(huo)幣政(zheng)策，出(chu)臺了一系列穩增長政(zheng)策，投入更(geng)多資金重(zhong)(zhong)點支持“兩重(zhong)(zhong)”和(he)“兩新”戰(zhan)略實施(shi)，擴大(da)內(nei)需與(yu)提振(zhen)消費(fei)。涉(she)及重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)基礎設施(shi)、重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)水利工程、新型城(cheng)市(shi)基礎設施(shi)建設等重(zhong)(zhong)點領域。

今年7月召開的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)治局會(hui)議，研究當前經濟形勢，強調宏觀政(zheng)策(ce)要持續發力(li)、適(shi)時加(jia)力(li)。用好(hao)各項結構性貨幣政(zheng)策(ce)工具，加(jia)力(li)支持科(ke)技創(chuang)新、提(ti)振消費和小微(wei)企(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)，并將依法依規治理企(qi)業(ye)無序競爭，推(tui)進重點(dian)行業(ye)產能(neng)治理。近期工信部還將印(yin)發機械等行業(ye)穩(wen)增長(chang)(chang)專項工作方案(an)，著力(li)提(ti)升優質(zhi)供給能(neng)力(li)，優化行業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)環(huan)境，推(tui)動行業(ye)實現質(zhi)的(de)有效提(ti)升和量的(de)合理增長(chang)(chang)。

隨著國家穩經濟、穩增長各項(xiang)政策(ce)的落(luo)實(shi)和深(shen)入推進，預計下半年行業將延續穩中向好態(tai)勢，實(shi)現“十四五”規劃完(wan)美(mei)收官。

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