2021年(nian)是生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護歷程中具有特殊重要性的(de)(de)一年(nian)。回(hui)顧過去一年(nian)我們共同(tong)經(jing)歷的(de)(de)，抑(yi)或振(zhen)奮人(ren)心(xin)(xin)，抑(yi)或出圈熱(re)議(yi)的(de)(de)熱(re)點(dian)事件和(he)關注(zhu)焦點(dian)，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)部環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)規劃院形勢分(fen)析中心(xin)(xin)聯合光明日報生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明版，對《光明日報》、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)部官微、《中國(guo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)報》等重要媒(mei)體(ti)發布(bu)的(de)(de)涉及生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護領域的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)進(jin)行詞(ci)頻分(fen)析，統計出現(xian)頻率最高(gao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)領域熱(re)詞(ci)，同(tong)時對每月生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)部例行新(xin)聞發布(bu)會文(wen)(wen)本進(jin)行主題(ti)聚類(lei)分(fen)析，得出受到媒(mei)體(ti)高(gao)度關注(zhu)的(de)(de)主題(ti)詞(ci)，最終從中甄選出10個兼(jian)具社會關注(zhu)度和(he)工作重要性的(de)(de)熱(re)詞(ci)。

01 污染防治攻堅戰(zhan)

這一年，深入(ru)打好(hao)(hao)(hao)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)由系統謀劃進(jin)入(ru)部(bu)署實(shi)施(shi)新(xin)階段(duan)。黨的(de)十九屆五中(zhong)(zhong)全會明確(que)提出，“十四五”時期(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)深入(ru)打好(hao)(hao)(hao)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)，繼(ji)續(xu)開展污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)行(xing)動。4月(yue)30日，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)政治(zhi)局就新(xin)形勢下(xia)加強我國(guo)生態(tai)文明建設進(jin)行(xing)第29次集體學習，習近平總書記強調，要(yao)(yao)(yao)深入(ru)打好(hao)(hao)(hao)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)，集中(zhong)(zhong)攻(gong)克老(lao)百姓身邊的(de)突出生態(tai)環境問題(ti)，讓老(lao)百姓實(shi)實(shi)在在感受到生態(tai)環境質量改(gai)善。8月(yue)30日，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)深改(gai)委第21次會議審議通過《關于(yu)深入(ru)打好(hao)(hao)(hao)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》(以(yi)下(xia)簡(jian)稱《意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求鞏固污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成果，以(yi)更(geng)高標準打好(hao)(hao)(hao)藍天、碧水、凈土(tu)保衛戰(zhan)(zhan)。11月(yue)2日，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)、國(guo)務院正式印(yin)發《意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》，明確(que)了(le)深入(ru)打好(hao)(hao)(hao)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)總體要(yao)(yao)(yao)求、主要(yao)(yao)(yao)目標、重大(da)任(ren)務和(he)保障(zhang)措施(shi)，進(jin)一步(bu)明確(que)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)策略(lve)、深化攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)路徑、拓展攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)領域、延伸(shen)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)范圍、強化攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)手(shou)段(duan)，將(jiang)深入(ru)打好(hao)(hao)(hao)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)由戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)部(bu)署細化為(wei)時間(jian)表和(he)施(shi)工圖。

02 碳達峰(feng)碳中和

這一年，我國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)由重大戰略決策向科學系統(tong)(tong)部(bu)署(shu)邁出關鍵步伐。自2020年習近平總(zong)書記(ji)宣(xuan)示碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)目(mu)標愿景以來，碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)落實(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)統(tong)(tong)籌有序展開。政(zheng)府工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報告(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首次部(bu)署(shu)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)任務。5月(yue)26日(ri)，碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領(ling)導小組第一次全體(ti)會(hui)(hui)議召開，審議有關文件，研究(jiu)部(bu)署(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。9月(yue)22日(ri)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)務院印發(fa)《關于(yu)完整準確全面貫徹新(xin)發(fa)展理念做(zuo)好碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)意見》，成為(wei)指導做(zuo)好碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)綱領(ling)性文件。10月(yue)24日(ri)，國(guo)(guo)務院印發(fa)《2030年前碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)行動(dong)(dong)方案》，對推(tui)進(jin)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)出總(zong)體(ti)部(bu)署(shu)。10月(yue)27日(ri)，國(guo)(guo)務院新(xin)聞辦發(fa)布《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)應對氣候(hou)(hou)變化的(de)政(zheng)策與行動(dong)(dong)》白皮書。11月(yue)，第26屆聯(lian)合國(guo)(guo)氣候(hou)(hou)變化大會(hui)(hui)(COP26)在英國(guo)(guo)舉行，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)美國(guo)(guo)發(fa)布《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)美關于(yu)在21世紀(ji)20年代強化氣候(hou)(hou)行動(dong)(dong)的(de)格拉斯哥聯(lian)合宣(xuan)言》，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)完成《巴黎協定》實(shi)施細則遺留問題談判。近期，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)經濟工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)(hui)議再(zai)次對碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)出系統(tong)(tong)部(bu)署(shu)，堅定不移推(tui)進(jin)。

03 美麗中國

這(zhe)一年(nian)，美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)邁(mai)上新征程。美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)目(mu)標(biao)是基本實現社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)現代化的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，是“十(shi)(shi)四五”乃至更(geng)長(chang)時期謀劃(hua)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)根本遵循。1月(yue)29日(ri)，生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)部(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)宣部(bu)(bu)等六部(bu)(bu)門發布《“美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，我是行動者(zhe)”提升公民生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)意識行動計劃(hua)(2021—2025年(nian))》，部(bu)(bu)署安排(pai)重點任務和專題行動，推(tui)動形成(cheng)人(ren)人(ren)關心、支持、參與(yu)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)氛圍。2月(yue)5日(ri)，《深圳率先打造美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)典(dian)(dian)范(fan)規劃(hua)綱(gang)要(2020—2035年(nian))及行動方案(an)(2020—2025年(nian))》印(yin)發，提出(chu)“三個臺階”目(mu)標(biao)愿景(jing)，成(cheng)為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一個推(tui)進美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)典(dian)(dian)范(fan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)綱(gang)領性文(wen)件。9月(yue)11日(ri)，“美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)百人(ren)論壇2021年(nian)會(hui)”組織召開，發布美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)戰略研究與(yu)行動、2035美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)目(mu)標(biao)與(yu)低碳發展(zhan)情景(jing)等研究成(cheng)果。黨的(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)屆(jie)六中(zhong)全會(hui)審議(yi)通過《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央關于黨的(de)(de)百年(nian)奮斗重大(da)(da)成(cheng)就和歷史經驗的(de)(de)決議(yi)》，明(ming)確指(zhi)出(chu)黨的(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)八大(da)(da)以(yi)來，黨中(zhong)央以(yi)前所未(wei)有的(de)(de)力度抓生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)邁(mai)出(chu)重大(da)(da)步伐。

04 中央生態環保督察

這一年，中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)有力有序(xu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進。中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)習近平總書(shu)記(ji)親自謀劃、部署、推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)的(de)重大制度創(chuang)新(xin)，是(shi)貫(guan)徹(che)落實習近平生(sheng)態文明思(si)想(xiang)的(de)關鍵舉措，有力解決了一大批(pi)(pi)(pi)群眾(zhong)身(shen)邊的(de)突出(chu)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)問題。4月上旬，第(di)(di)(di)二輪第(di)(di)(di)三批(pi)(pi)(pi)中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組(zu)分(fen)別進駐山(shan)(shan)西(xi)、遼寧(ning)、安徽、江(jiang)西(xi)、河南(nan)、湖(hu)南(nan)、廣西(xi)、云(yun)南(nan)8省(區(qu))開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。5月8日，中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)辦(ban)公(gong)室印發實施《生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)專項督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)辦(ban)法》，進一步完善督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)制度體(ti)系(xi)，指導督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)工作實踐。8月下旬，第(di)(di)(di)二輪第(di)(di)(di)四(si)批(pi)(pi)(pi)中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組(zu)分(fen)別進駐吉林、山(shan)(shan)東、湖(hu)北、廣東、四(si)川5省及(ji)中(zhong)國有色集(ji)團、中(zhong)國黃金兩家中(zhong)央(yang)企業開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。12月上旬，第(di)(di)(di)二輪第(di)(di)(di)五批(pi)(pi)(pi)中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組(zu)分(fen)別進駐黑龍(long)江(jiang)、貴州、陜(shan)西(xi)、寧(ning)夏(xia)4省(區(qu))開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。截至(zhi)目前，累計曝光65個典型案例，有序(xu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)向縱深發展(zhan)。

05 “兩(liang)高”項(xiang)目

這一(yi)年，堅決遏(e)制(zhi)(zhi)“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)盲(mang)目(mu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)取(qu)得顯(xian)著成效(xiao)。“十四五”開(kai)局，各地紛(fen)紛(fen)擬(ni)上(shang)馬一(yi)批重(zhong)大項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，其(qi)中(zhong)“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)比(bi)重(zhong)達六成以上(shang)。5月(yue)13日(ri)(ri)，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革(ge)委召(zhao)開(kai)部(bu)分(fen)節能(neng)(neng)形勢嚴峻地區談話提醒視頻會(hui)議，明確把(ba)(ba)不符(fu)合要求(qiu)的(de)“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)拿下(xia)來。5月(yue)30日(ri)(ri)，生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)部(bu)印發(fa)(fa)《關(guan)于加強(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)排(pai)放(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)源頭(tou)防(fang)控的(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)(yi)見》，提出嚴把(ba)(ba)新建(jian)(jian)、改建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)排(pai)放(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)準入(ru)關(guan)，在(zai)(zai)“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)環(huan)(huan)評中(zhong)率(lv)先開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)碳排(pai)放(fang)影響評價試點(dian)。9月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革(ge)委印發(fa)(fa)《完善能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費強(qiang)度和總(zong)量(liang)雙控制(zhi)(zhi)度方(fang)案》，要求(qiu)各地建(jian)(jian)立在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)、擬(ni)建(jian)(jian)、存量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)排(pai)放(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)清單，明確處置(zhi)意(yi)(yi)見。9月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)，中(zhong)紀委網站連續(xu)發(fa)(fa)文密集關(guan)注“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，將堅決遏(e)制(zhi)(zhi)“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)盲(mang)目(mu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)工作列(lie)為對碳達峰碳中(zhong)和開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)政治(zhi)監(jian)(jian)督(du)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)內容，納入(ru)監(jian)(jian)督(du)臺(tai)賬跟進監(jian)(jian)督(du)。在(zai)(zai)多方(fang)共(gong)同努力下(xia)，“兩高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)盲(mang)目(mu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)勢頭(tou)得到有效(xiao)遏(e)制(zhi)(zhi)。

06 生物多樣性保護

這一年(nian)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)取得長足進(jin)展。“十四(si)五”規劃和(he)(he)2035年(nian)遠(yuan)景(jing)目標(biao)(biao)綱要(yao)中將實施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)重大工程、構筑生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)網絡作為提(ti)升生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統質量(liang)和(he)(he)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容。4月(yue)(yue)15日，《中華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)施行。這是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)領域一部基礎性(xing)(xing)(xing)、綜合性(xing)(xing)(xing)、系統性(xing)(xing)(xing)、統領性(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)律，標(biao)(biao)志著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)進(jin)入依(yi)法(fa)治理(li)的(de)(de)新階段。10月(yue)(yue)8日，國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)新聞辦(ban)公(gong)室發(fa)布(bu)《中國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)》白(bai)皮書——這是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)第一部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)白(bai)皮書，向世(shi)界展示了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)理(li)念、重要(yao)舉措和(he)(he)進(jin)展成效(xiao)。10月(yue)(yue)11日至15日，聯合國(guo)(guo)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)約(yue)》第十五次締約(yue)方(fang)大會(hui)(COP15)第一階段會(hui)議(yi)在云(yun)南昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)召開。習近平主(zhu)席(xi)以(yi)視頻方(fang)式(shi)(shi)發(fa)表主(zhu)旨講話，為未來全(quan)球生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)治理(li)指(zhi)明(ming)(ming)方(fang)向，多(duo)(duo)(duo)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)要(yao)視頻參(can)會(hui)，會(hui)議(yi)發(fa)布(bu)“昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)宣言”。10月(yue)(yue)19日，中辦(ban)、國(guo)(guo)辦(ban)印發(fa)《關(guan)于(yu)進(jin)一步加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)意(yi)見》，提(ti)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)總(zong)體(ti)目標(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)八項重點(dian)任務，切(qie)實推進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工作。

07 碳排放(fang)權交易

這一(yi)年，全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交易市(shi)場順利(li)揚帆起航(hang)。全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交易市(shi)場是利(li)用市(shi)場機制控制和減少溫室(shi)(shi)氣體(ti)(ti)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)、推(tui)動綠(lv)色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發展的重大(da)制度(du)(du)(du)創新，也是落實(shi)我國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和目標愿(yuan)景的重要政(zheng)策工具(ju)。2月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)，《全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交易管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)(試(shi)(shi)行)》正式實(shi)施，全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場第一(yi)個履約周期(qi)配(pei)額分(fen)配(pei)方案印(yin)發，從(cong)國(guo)家層面將溫室(shi)(shi)氣體(ti)(ti)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)控制責任壓實(shi)到(dao)重點(dian)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)企業。3月(yue)(yue)30日(ri)，生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)部公開征求關于(yu)《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交易管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)暫行條例(li)(草案修改稿)》的意見，積極推(tui)動立(li)法(fa)進程(cheng)，夯(hang)實(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交易法(fa)律基礎。5月(yue)(yue)14日(ri)，生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)部出臺《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)登記管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)規(gui)則(ze)(試(shi)(shi)行)》《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交易管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)規(gui)則(ze)(試(shi)(shi)行)》《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)結算管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)規(gui)則(ze)(試(shi)(shi)行)》等政(zheng)策文件，進一(yi)步(bu)完善碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場制度(du)(du)(du)保障體(ti)(ti)系。7月(yue)(yue)16日(ri)，全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場啟(qi)動上線交易，納入(ru)發電行業重點(dian)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)單位2162家，覆(fu)蓋(gai)約45億(yi)噸(dun)二氧(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)量，建成(cheng)全(quan)球規(gui)模(mo)最大(da)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場。截至12月(yue)(yue)底，全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)配(pei)額累(lei)計(ji)成(cheng)交量1.5億(yi)噸(dun)，累(lei)計(ji)成(cheng)交金額60多億(yi)元，市(shi)場活(huo)躍度(du)(du)(du)持續攀升。

08 “三線一(yi)單(dan)”

這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)年，全(quan)國(guo)上下(xia)切實(shi)(shi)推進“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保護紅(hong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量底線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資(zi)源利用上線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)準入(ru)清單(dan)(dan)(dan))落(luo)地實(shi)(shi)施(shi)走(zou)深(shen)走(zou)實(shi)(shi)。4月，全(quan)國(guo)所有省份(fen)“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”省級成果均(jun)完(wan)成政府審議和發布工(gong)作，各地扎實(shi)(shi)推進“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”成果細化深(shen)化，全(quan)力支撐(cheng)相關(guan)政策規劃編(bian)制，積極服(fu)務(wu)(wu)產業(ye)優化升(sheng)級和小微企業(ye)發展。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)部陸(lu)續(xu)發布三批次共36個“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”落(luo)地應(ying)用典型案例，為各地在實(shi)(shi)踐中不斷(duan)拓展應(ying)用體系(xi)(xi)、完(wan)善應(ying)用機制、充分服(fu)務(wu)(wu)好新(xin)形勢下(xia)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護工(gong)作提供(gong)借鑒。10月29日，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)部發布《“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”減污降碳協(xie)同管控(kong)(kong)試點工(gong)作方案(征求意(yi)見稿)》，探索將應(ying)對(dui)氣候變化要求納入(ru)“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)體系(xi)(xi)。11月19日，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)部發布《關(guan)于實(shi)(shi)施(shi)“三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)的指導意(yi)見(試行)》，這(zhe)是(shi)新(xin)時代貫徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)習近(jin)平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明思想、深(shen)入(ru)打好污染防治攻堅戰、加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)源頭防控(kong)(kong)的又(you)一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)要舉(ju)措。

09 生態產品價值實(shi)現

這一(yi)年，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實現(xian)(xian)由地(di)方(fang)探索(suo)向全(quan)面(mian)推廣(guang)邁進。2月(yue)(yue)19日，中(zhong)央深改委第(di)18次會議(yi)強調建(jian)立(li)(li)健(jian)(jian)全(quan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實現(xian)(xian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、推進生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)業化和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)業生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)化。4月(yue)(yue)26日，中(zhong)辦、國(guo)(guo)辦印(yin)發(fa)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)立(li)(li)健(jian)(jian)全(quan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實現(xian)(xian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)》，提(ti)出到2025年初步建(jian)立(li)(li)、到2035年全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)立(li)(li)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實現(xian)(xian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的(de)時(shi)間表和(he)(he)工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，是首個將“兩山”理(li)論落實到制(zhi)度安排(pai)和(he)(he)實踐操作的(de)綱領(ling)性(xing)文件。5月(yue)(yue)20日，《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央 國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)支(zhi)持(chi)浙江高質量發(fa)展(zhan)建(jian)設共同(tong)富裕示(shi)范區的(de)意(yi)見(jian)》印(yin)發(fa)，提(ti)出探索(suo)完善具有浙江特點的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)總值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(GEP)核(he)算應(ying)用體(ti)系。9月(yue)(yue)13日，中(zhong)辦、國(guo)(guo)辦印(yin)發(fa)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)深化生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護補償制(zhi)度改革的(de)意(yi)見(jian)》，鼓勵地(di)方(fang)通過購買生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服務等方(fang)式，探索(suo)推進橫(heng)向生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護補償。11月(yue)(yue)10日，國(guo)(guo)辦印(yin)發(fa)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)鼓勵和(he)(he)支(zhi)持(chi)社會資本(ben)參(can)與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護修復的(de)意(yi)見(jian)》，從源頭上(shang)推動生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境領(ling)域國(guo)(guo)家治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)系和(he)(he)治(zhi)理(li)能力(li)現(xian)(xian)代化。

10 “十四五”生態(tai)環保規劃

這一(yi)年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國及各地基(ji)(ji)本(ben)完成(cheng)“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)并推動實施。2021年(nian)是“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”規劃(hua)開局之年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國及各地加(jia)緊(jin)編制出(chu)臺(tai)“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)和(he)(he)各領域(yu)(yu)專項(xiang)規劃(hua)。即將出(chu)臺(tai)的(de)《“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)》和(he)(he)《“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”節能減排(pai)綜(zong)合(he)工作(zuo)方案》，將明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”時期并展(zhan)望(wang)到2035年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)主要目標(biao)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)部署推動綠色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)、促(cu)進(jin)人與(yu)自然和(he)(he)諧共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)重點(dian)任務(wu)和(he)(he)重大改革舉措(cuo)。與(yu)此同時，重點(dian)流域(yu)(yu)、空氣質量(liang)改善、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)等領域(yu)(yu)專項(xiang)規劃(hua)進(jin)展(zhan)順利。今年(nian)以來，北京、內(nei)蒙古、上海(hai)(hai)、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、福建、江(jiang)西、山東、湖南、廣(guang)東、海(hai)(hai)南、陜西、甘肅、青海(hai)(hai)、寧(ning)夏等省(sheng)(區、市)陸續印發(fa)“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)，明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)了“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)總體(ti)思路、主要目標(biao)和(he)(he)重點(dian)任務(wu)，“十四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)體(ti)系(xi)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)形成(cheng)。

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