2021年是生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護歷程(cheng)中具有特殊重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)的一(yi)年。回顧過去一(yi)年我們共同經歷的，抑(yi)(yi)或振(zhen)奮人(ren)心(xin)，抑(yi)(yi)或出(chu)(chu)圈熱(re)議(yi)的熱(re)點事件和(he)關(guan)注焦點，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)部環境(jing)規劃院形勢分析(xi)中心(xin)聯合光明日(ri)(ri)報(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明版(ban)，對(dui)《光明日(ri)(ri)報(bao)》、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)部官微、《中國(guo)環境(jing)報(bao)》等重(zhong)要(yao)媒體發布的涉及生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護領域(yu)的文(wen)章進行詞(ci)頻(pin)(pin)分析(xi)，統計出(chu)(chu)現頻(pin)(pin)率最高(gao)的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)領域(yu)熱(re)詞(ci)，同時對(dui)每月生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)部例行新聞發布會文(wen)本進行主題聚(ju)類分析(xi)，得出(chu)(chu)受到媒體高(gao)度(du)關(guan)注的主題詞(ci)，最終從中甄選出(chu)(chu)10個兼具社會關(guan)注度(du)和(he)工作(zuo)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)的熱(re)詞(ci)。

01 污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治攻(gong)堅(jian)戰

這(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)，深入(ru)(ru)(ru)打(da)(da)好(hao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)由(you)系統謀劃進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)部(bu)署實施新階段。黨的十(shi)九屆(jie)五中(zhong)全會明(ming)(ming)確提(ti)出，“十(shi)四(si)五”時期，要(yao)深入(ru)(ru)(ru)打(da)(da)好(hao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)，繼續開展污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行動。4月30日(ri)(ri)，中(zhong)央政治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局就新形勢下(xia)加強我國(guo)生態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建設(she)進(jin)行第(di)29次集體(ti)(ti)(ti)學(xue)習，習近平(ping)總書記(ji)強調，要(yao)深入(ru)(ru)(ru)打(da)(da)好(hao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)，集中(zhong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克老(lao)百(bai)姓身邊的突出生態(tai)環(huan)境問題，讓老(lao)百(bai)姓實實在在感受到生態(tai)環(huan)境質量改善。8月30日(ri)(ri)，中(zhong)央深改委第(di)21次會議審議通過《關于(yu)深入(ru)(ru)(ru)打(da)(da)好(hao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)的意見》(以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)《意見》)，要(yao)求(qiu)鞏固污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)成果，以更高標(biao)(biao)準打(da)(da)好(hao)藍天、碧水(shui)、凈土(tu)保衛戰(zhan)(zhan)。11月2日(ri)(ri)，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院正式印(yin)發(fa)《意見》，明(ming)(ming)確了深入(ru)(ru)(ru)打(da)(da)好(hao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)的總體(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)求(qiu)、主(zhu)要(yao)目標(biao)(biao)、重(zhong)大任務和保障措施，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)明(ming)(ming)確攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)策略(lve)、深化(hua)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)路徑(jing)、拓(tuo)展攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)領(ling)域、延伸攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)范圍(wei)、強化(hua)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)手段，將深入(ru)(ru)(ru)打(da)(da)好(hao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)由(you)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)部(bu)署細化(hua)為(wei)時間表和施工(gong)圖。

02 碳達峰碳中和

這一年(nian)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)由(you)重大戰略決(jue)策向科學系(xi)統(tong)部署(shu)(shu)邁(mai)出關(guan)(guan)鍵步(bu)伐。自2020年(nian)習(xi)近(jin)(jin)平總書(shu)(shu)記(ji)宣示碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)目標愿景以來(lai)，碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)落實(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)統(tong)籌(chou)有序展開。政府工(gong)作(zuo)報告中(zhong)首次(ci)部署(shu)(shu)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)。5月(yue)(yue)26日(ri)，碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)領導小組第一次(ci)全體會議(yi)召開，審議(yi)有關(guan)(guan)文(wen)件(jian)，研究部署(shu)(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)。9月(yue)(yue)22日(ri)，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院印發《關(guan)(guan)于完整準(zhun)確全面貫徹新發展理念做(zuo)好碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)意見》，成為指導做(zuo)好碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)綱(gang)領性文(wen)件(jian)。10月(yue)(yue)24日(ri)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院印發《2030年(nian)前(qian)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)行(xing)(xing)動方案》，對推進(jin)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)工(gong)作(zuo)作(zuo)出總體部署(shu)(shu)。10月(yue)(yue)27日(ri)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院新聞辦發布《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)應對氣候變化的(de)政策與(yu)行(xing)(xing)動》白皮書(shu)(shu)。11月(yue)(yue)，第26屆聯(lian)合國(guo)(guo)(guo)氣候變化大會(COP26)在英國(guo)(guo)(guo)舉行(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)發布《中(zhong)美關(guan)(guan)于在21世紀20年(nian)代(dai)強化氣候行(xing)(xing)動的(de)格拉斯哥(ge)聯(lian)合宣言》，推動完成《巴黎協定》實(shi)施細則遺留問(wen)題談判。近(jin)(jin)期，中(zhong)央(yang)經濟工(gong)作(zuo)會議(yi)再次(ci)對碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)作(zuo)出系(xi)統(tong)部署(shu)(shu)，堅定不移推進(jin)。

03 美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)國

這(zhe)一年，美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)邁上新征(zheng)程。美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)目標(biao)是基本實(shi)現(xian)社會(hui)(hui)主義現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)，是“十(shi)四五(wu)”乃至更長時(shi)期謀劃(hua)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本遵循。1月(yue)29日(ri)，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)部、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宣部等六部門發(fa)布(bu)《“美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，我是行(xing)動(dong)(dong)者”提升公民生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)意識行(xing)動(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)(2021—2025年)》，部署(shu)安排重(zhong)點任務(wu)和專題行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)形成(cheng)(cheng)人人關(guan)心、支(zhi)持、參與生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)氛圍。2月(yue)5日(ri)，《深圳率先打造(zao)美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)典范(fan)(fan)規劃(hua)綱(gang)要(yao)(yao)(2020—2035年)及(ji)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)案(an)(2020—2025年)》印發(fa)，提出“三個(ge)臺階(jie)”目標(biao)愿景，成(cheng)(cheng)為我國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一個(ge)推(tui)進美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)典范(fan)(fan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綱(gang)領性文(wen)件。9月(yue)11日(ri)，“美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)百人論(lun)壇2021年會(hui)(hui)”組織(zhi)召開，發(fa)布(bu)美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護戰略(lve)研究與行(xing)動(dong)(dong)、2035美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)目標(biao)與低(di)碳發(fa)展(zhan)情景等研究成(cheng)(cheng)果。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九屆六中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全會(hui)(hui)審議通(tong)過《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央關(guan)于黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百年奮(fen)斗重(zhong)大成(cheng)(cheng)就和歷史經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)決議》，明(ming)確指出黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八大以來，黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央以前所(suo)未有的(de)(de)(de)(de)力度抓生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)邁出重(zhong)大步伐。

04 中(zhong)央生態環保督察(cha)

這(zhe)一年，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)有力有序推進。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)是習(xi)(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書記親自謀劃、部署、推動的(de)重大制(zhi)度創新(xin)，是貫徹落(luo)實(shi)習(xi)(xi)近(jin)平(ping)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明思想(xiang)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)舉措，有力解決(jue)了(le)一大批(pi)(pi)群眾身(shen)邊的(de)突出生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問題。4月上旬(xun)，第(di)(di)二輪(lun)第(di)(di)三(san)批(pi)(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組(zu)(zu)分(fen)別進駐(zhu)(zhu)山西、遼寧、安徽、江西、河南(nan)、湖南(nan)、廣(guang)西、云南(nan)8省(sheng)(區)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。5月8日，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)辦公(gong)室(shi)印發實(shi)施《生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護專項督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)辦法》，進一步完善督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)制(zhi)度體(ti)系，指導督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)工作實(shi)踐。8月下旬(xun)，第(di)(di)二輪(lun)第(di)(di)四批(pi)(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組(zu)(zu)分(fen)別進駐(zhu)(zhu)吉(ji)林、山東(dong)、湖北(bei)、廣(guang)東(dong)、四川5省(sheng)及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國有色集團、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國黃金(jin)兩家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企業開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。12月上旬(xun)，第(di)(di)二輪(lun)第(di)(di)五批(pi)(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組(zu)(zu)分(fen)別進駐(zhu)(zhu)黑龍江、貴州、陜西、寧夏4省(sheng)(區)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。截(jie)至目前，累計曝光65個典型案(an)例，有序推動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護督(du)(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)向縱深(shen)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

05 “兩高”項目(mu)

這一(yi)年，堅決遏制“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)盲目(mu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)取得顯著成效(xiao)。“十(shi)四五(wu)”開局(ju)，各地紛(fen)紛(fen)擬(ni)上(shang)馬一(yi)批重(zhong)大項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，其中“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)比重(zhong)達(da)六成以(yi)上(shang)。5月(yue)13日，國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)(wei)召(zhao)開部(bu)分節(jie)能(neng)(neng)形勢嚴(yan)峻(jun)地區(qu)談話(hua)提(ti)(ti)醒視頻會議，明(ming)確把不符合要求的(de)“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)拿下來(lai)。5月(yue)30日，生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境部(bu)印發(fa)《關于加(jia)強高(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)排(pai)放(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境源頭防(fang)控的(de)指導意見》，提(ti)(ti)出嚴(yan)把新建(jian)(jian)、改(gai)建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)高(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)排(pai)放(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)環(huan)境準入關，在“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)環(huan)評中率(lv)先開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)影響評價試點。9月(yue)11日，國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)(wei)印發(fa)《完(wan)善能(neng)(neng)源消費強度和總量(liang)雙控制度方案》，要求各地建(jian)(jian)立在建(jian)(jian)、擬(ni)建(jian)(jian)、存(cun)量(liang)高(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)高(gao)排(pai)放(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)清單，明(ming)確處(chu)置意見。9月(yue)下旬，中紀(ji)委(wei)(wei)網(wang)站連續發(fa)文密集(ji)關注“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，將(jiang)堅決遏制“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)盲目(mu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工作(zuo)列為(wei)對碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)碳(tan)中和開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)政治(zhi)監督(du)(du)的(de)重(zhong)點內容，納入監督(du)(du)臺(tai)賬跟進監督(du)(du)。在多方共同努力下，“兩(liang)高(gao)”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)盲目(mu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)勢頭得到有效(xiao)遏制。

06 生物多樣性保護

這一(yi)年(nian)(nian)，生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)取得長足進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)。“十四五”規劃(hua)和2035年(nian)(nian)遠景目標(biao)(biao)綱要(yao)中將實(shi)施生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)重大工(gong)程、構筑生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)網絡作為提升生(sheng)態系統(tong)質量(liang)和穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容。4月15日，《中華人民共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)法》正式施行。這是(shi)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)領域一(yi)部基礎性(xing)(xing)(xing)、綜合性(xing)(xing)(xing)、系統(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、統(tong)領性(xing)(xing)(xing)法律，標(biao)(biao)志著(zhu)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)依(yi)法治理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)新階段。10月8日，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院新聞辦公(gong)室發布(bu)《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)》白皮書(shu)——這是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府發布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)部生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)白皮書(shu)，向世界展(zhan)(zhan)示了我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)政策理(li)(li)念、重要(yao)舉措和進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)效。10月11日至15日，聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)《生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)約》第(di)十五次締(di)約方大會(COP15)第(di)一(yi)階段會議(yi)(yi)在云南昆明召(zhao)開(kai)。習近平主席以視(shi)頻(pin)方式發表主旨講話，為未來全(quan)球生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)治理(li)(li)指明方向，多(duo)(duo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政要(yao)視(shi)頻(pin)參會，會議(yi)(yi)發布(bu)“昆明宣(xuan)言(yan)”。10月19日，中辦、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)辦印發《關于進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)意見》，提出生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)總體目標(biao)(biao)和八(ba)項重點任(ren)務(wu)，切實(shi)推進(jin)(jin)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作。

07 碳(tan)排放權(quan)交易

這一年，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)市場(chang)順利(li)揚帆起(qi)航。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)市場(chang)是利(li)用市場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)減少(shao)溫室氣體排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)、推動(dong)綠色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發展的(de)重大制(zhi)(zhi)度創新，也是落實(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)目標愿景的(de)重要政(zheng)策(ce)工(gong)具。2月1日(ri)(ri)，《全(quan)國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)理辦(ban)法(試行(xing)(xing))》正式實(shi)(shi)施(shi)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市場(chang)第(di)一個履約周(zhou)期配(pei)(pei)額(e)分配(pei)(pei)方案(an)印發，從國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)層(ceng)面將溫室氣體排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)控制(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)任壓實(shi)(shi)到重點(dian)(dian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)企業。3月30日(ri)(ri)，生態環境(jing)部公開(kai)征求關于《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)理暫行(xing)(xing)條例(草案(an)修改稿)》的(de)意見，積極推動(dong)立法進(jin)程，夯實(shi)(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)法律基礎(chu)。5月14日(ri)(ri)，生態環境(jing)部出臺《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)登記管(guan)(guan)理規(gui)則(ze)(試行(xing)(xing))》《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)理規(gui)則(ze)(試行(xing)(xing))》《碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)結算管(guan)(guan)理規(gui)則(ze)(試行(xing)(xing))》等政(zheng)策(ce)文件(jian)，進(jin)一步完(wan)善碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市場(chang)制(zhi)(zhi)度保障體系。7月16日(ri)(ri)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市場(chang)啟動(dong)上線交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，納(na)入(ru)發電行(xing)(xing)業重點(dian)(dian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)單位2162家(jia)(jia)，覆(fu)蓋(gai)約45億(yi)噸二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)量，建(jian)成全(quan)球(qiu)規(gui)模(mo)最大的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市場(chang)。截至12月底，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市場(chang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)配(pei)(pei)額(e)累計(ji)成交(jiao)(jiao)量1.5億(yi)噸，累計(ji)成交(jiao)(jiao)金額(e)60多(duo)億(yi)元，市場(chang)活躍度持(chi)續攀(pan)升。

08 “三線一單”

這一(yi)年，全國上(shang)下(xia)切實(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin)“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護紅(hong)線(xian)(xian)、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量底線(xian)(xian)、資(zi)源利(li)用(yong)上(shang)線(xian)(xian)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)準入(ru)(ru)清單(dan))落(luo)地實(shi)(shi)(shi)施走深(shen)(shen)走實(shi)(shi)(shi)。4月(yue)，全國所有(you)省份“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”省級成(cheng)果均完(wan)成(cheng)政(zheng)府審議和發(fa)布(bu)工作(zuo)，各地扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin)“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”成(cheng)果細化(hua)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)，全力(li)支(zhi)撐相關(guan)政(zheng)策規劃編制，積極服(fu)務產業(ye)優化(hua)升級和小微(wei)企業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)陸續(xu)發(fa)布(bu)三(san)批次共36個(ge)“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”落(luo)地應(ying)(ying)用(yong)典型案例，為各地在實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中不斷拓展(zhan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)體(ti)系(xi)、完(wan)善應(ying)(ying)用(yong)機(ji)制、充分(fen)(fen)服(fu)務好新形勢(shi)下(xia)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護工作(zuo)提供借鑒。10月(yue)29日(ri)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)發(fa)布(bu)《“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”減(jian)污降碳協(xie)同管控(kong)試點工作(zuo)方(fang)案(征(zheng)求(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)稿)》，探索將應(ying)(ying)對(dui)氣候(hou)變化(hua)要求(qiu)納入(ru)(ru)“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區管控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)。11月(yue)19日(ri)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)發(fa)布(bu)《關(guan)于實(shi)(shi)(shi)施“三(san)線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區管控(kong)的(de)指導意(yi)見(jian)(試行)》，這是新時代貫徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習近平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明思(si)想、深(shen)(shen)入(ru)(ru)打好污染防治攻堅戰(zhan)、加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)源頭(tou)防控(kong)的(de)又一(yi)重(zhong)要舉(ju)措(cuo)。

09 生態產品價值實(shi)現

這一(yi)年(nian)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價值(zhi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)由(you)地方(fang)探(tan)(tan)索(suo)向全(quan)面推(tui)廣邁(mai)進。2月(yue)19日(ri)，中央(yang)深改委第(di)18次(ci)會議強調(diao)建立(li)(li)健全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價值(zhi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)機(ji)制、推(tui)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業化(hua)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)化(hua)。4月(yue)26日(ri)，中辦、國辦印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)建立(li)(li)健全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價值(zhi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)機(ji)制的(de)(de)意見(jian)》，提出到(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)初步(bu)建立(li)(li)、到(dao)(dao)2035年(nian)全(quan)面建立(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價值(zhi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)機(ji)制的(de)(de)時間表和工作機(ji)制，是首個(ge)將“兩(liang)山”理論落實(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)制度安(an)排和實(shi)(shi)踐操作的(de)(de)綱領(ling)(ling)性文件。5月(yue)20日(ri)，《中共(gong)中央(yang) 國務(wu)院關于(yu)支持浙江高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展建設共(gong)同富裕示范區的(de)(de)意見(jian)》印(yin)發(fa)(fa)，提出探(tan)(tan)索(suo)完善具有浙江特點的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)總值(zhi)(GEP)核算應(ying)用體(ti)系。9月(yue)13日(ri)，中辦、國辦印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)深化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)償制度改革的(de)(de)意見(jian)》，鼓(gu)勵地方(fang)通(tong)過購(gou)買生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和服務(wu)等方(fang)式，探(tan)(tan)索(suo)推(tui)進橫向生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)償。11月(yue)10日(ri)，國辦印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)鼓(gu)勵和支持社會資本(ben)參與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修復(fu)的(de)(de)意見(jian)》，從(cong)源頭(tou)上推(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境領(ling)(ling)域國家治理體(ti)系和治理能力現(xian)代化(hua)。

10 “十(shi)四(si)五”生(sheng)態環保規劃(hua)

這(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)，全國(guo)及(ji)各(ge)地基(ji)本完成(cheng)“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)并推動實施。2021年(nian)是“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”規劃(hua)開局之年(nian)，全國(guo)及(ji)各(ge)地加緊編制出臺“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)和(he)(he)各(ge)領域(yu)專項(xiang)規劃(hua)。即將出臺的《“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)》和(he)(he)《“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”節能減排綜合工作方案》，將明(ming)確“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”時期并展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)望到(dao)2035年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的主要目標，全面部署推動綠(lv)色發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、促進(jin)人與(yu)自然和(he)(he)諧共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的重點(dian)任務(wu)和(he)(he)重大改革舉措。與(yu)此(ci)同時，重點(dian)流域(yu)、空氣質量改善、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)等(deng)領域(yu)專項(xiang)規劃(hua)進(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)順利(li)。今(jin)年(nian)以來，北京(jing)、內蒙古、上海(hai)、江蘇(su)、浙江、福建、江西、山東、湖(hu)南、廣東、海(hai)南、陜西、甘肅、青海(hai)、寧(ning)夏等(deng)省(區、市)陸續印發“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)，明(ming)確了(le)“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的總體(ti)思路(lu)、主要目標和(he)(he)重點(dian)任務(wu)，“十(shi)(shi)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)體(ti)系(xi)基(ji)本形成(cheng)。

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