生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境部日前發布《關(guan)于(yu)加強生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)監(jian)管工作的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)》(以下簡稱(cheng)《意(yi)見(jian)》)，《意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出了總體(ti)目(mu)標，到2025年，初步形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)監(jian)管法(fa)規標準體(ti)系，初步建(jian)立全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)測(ce)網絡，提(ti)高自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)地、生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅線監(jian)管能(neng)力和生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)水平，提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設示(shi)范引(yin)領(ling)作用，初步形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)與生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)復監(jian)管相匹(pi)配的(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)、協調和監(jian)督體(ti)系，生(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)屏障更加牢(lao)固，生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)質量和穩定性(xing)進一步提(ti)升(sheng)。到2035年，建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)與美麗(li)中國(guo)目(mu)標相適應的(de)(de)現代化生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)監(jian)管體(ti)系和監(jian)管能(neng)力，促進人與自(zi)然和諧共生(sheng)。

《意見》提出，構建(jian)完(wan)善生態監(jian)測網(wang)絡(luo)，加快構建(jian)和(he)完(wan)善陸海統(tong)籌、空(kong)天(tian)地一體(ti)、上下協同的全國(guo)生態監(jian)測網(wang)絡(luo)，基(ji)本覆(fu)蓋全國(guo)典型生態系統(tong)、自然保護(hu)地、重(zhong)點生態功能區、生態保護(hu)紅線(xian)和(he)重(zhong)要水體(ti)。

同時，生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡(luo)要根據地(di)(di)理單元特征和生(sheng)態(tai)保護監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)需求建(jian)設，通過推(tui)動部(bu)門監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)站點(dian)資源共享、推(tui)進環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)站點(dian)向(xiang)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)綜合站點(dian)改造(zao)升(sheng)級、補充(chong)設置新(xin)的生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)站點(dian)和生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)樣地(di)(di)(帶)等方式(shi)實現。積極探索(suo)開展水生(sheng)態(tai)、土壤生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)及相(xiang)關生(sheng)態(tai)脆(cui)弱區地(di)(di)下(xia)水位監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，不斷加大內(nei)陸水域、海洋生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)力度。

《意見》要求，加快完(wan)(wan)善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)修(xiu)復評(ping)估(gu)(gu)體系(xi)。開展(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)狀況(kuang)、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域流域、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)紅線(xian)、自然保護(hu)(hu)地、縣域重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)五大評(ping)估(gu)(gu)，建(jian)立從宏觀到微觀尺(chi)度的(de)多層(ceng)次(ci)(ci)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)體系(xi)，全(quan)面掌握全(quan)國(guo)和區(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)狀況(kuang)變化(hua)及趨勢。全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)狀況(kuang)遙感(gan)(gan)(gan)調查評(ping)估(gu)(gu)每(mei)五年(nian)開展(zhan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)；選擇的(de)每(mei)個(ge)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域流域生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)狀況(kuang)調查評(ping)估(gu)(gu)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)時限原(yuan)則上為一(yi)(yi)年(nian)；生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)紅線(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)狀況(kuang)遙感(gan)(gan)(gan)調查評(ping)估(gu)(gu)每(mei)年(nian)開展(zhan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)；國(guo)家級自然公園(yuan)(yuan)人類(lei)(lei)活動遙感(gan)(gan)(gan)監測評(ping)估(gu)(gu)每(mei)年(nian)開展(zhan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，國(guo)家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)、國(guo)家公園(yuan)(yuan)人類(lei)(lei)活動遙感(gan)(gan)(gan)監測評(ping)估(gu)(gu)每(mei)半年(nian)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，地方可根據實際開展(zhan)地方級自然保護(hu)(hu)地人類(lei)(lei)活動遙感(gan)(gan)(gan)監測評(ping)估(gu)(gu)；縣域重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)每(mei)年(nian)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。

要(yao)適時開展海(hai)洋污染基線與(yu)生態本底調查(cha)評估(gu)，進(jin)一步拓展重(zhong)(zhong)點流域(yu)(yu)、海(hai)域(yu)(yu)和重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)水(shui)體(ti)水(shui)生生物調查(cha)評估(gu)，實(shi)施重(zhong)(zhong)點流域(yu)(yu)、海(hai)岸帶和典型海(hai)洋生態系統健康評估(gu)。強化(hua)氣候變(bian)化(hua)對生態系統的影響評估(gu)。

同(tong)時，開展生態系統保(bao)護(hu)成效(xiao)評(ping)估。制定指標(biao)體(ti)系和(he)技(ji)術方法，定期(qi)評(ping)估生態保(bao)護(hu)紅線(xian)保(bao)護(hu)成效(xiao)、自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)地生態環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)成效(xiao)和(he)生物多樣性保(bao)護(hu)成效(xiao)，推進山水林田湖(hu)草系統治理(li)以(yi)及海(hai)域海(hai)島生態修復等工作成效(xiao)的評(ping)估。

此(ci)外，要構建(jian)生態修復標準體(ti)系。加快制(zhi)定(ding)覆蓋重(zhong)(zhong)點項目、重(zhong)(zhong)大工(gong)程和重(zhong)(zhong)點區域以及貫穿問題(ti)識(shi)別、方案制(zhi)定(ding)、過程管控、成效評(ping)估(gu)(gu)等重(zhong)(zhong)要監管環節的生態修復標準，加快制(zhi)定(ding)生態修復評(ping)估(gu)(gu)指南。

《意見》要求，要切(qie)實加(jia)強生態保(bao)護(hu)重(zhong)點領(ling)域監(jian)(jian)管，包括積(ji)極推(tui)進生態保(bao)護(hu)紅線監(jian)(jian)管、持續加(jia)強自然保(bao)護(hu)地監(jian)(jian)管、不斷提升生物多樣性保(bao)護(hu)水平。

《意見》強(qiang)調，加(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)破壞問(wen)題監(jian)督(du)(du)和查處力度(du)(du)，包括落(luo)實(shi)中央生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)督(du)(du)察制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作開(kai)展、責任落(luo)實(shi)等情況(kuang)納入督(du)(du)察范疇，對(dui)問(wen)題突出(chu)的開(kai)展機動式、點(dian)穴(xue)式專(zhuan)項督(du)(du)察，不斷(duan)傳(chuan)導壓力，倒(dao)逼責任落(luo)實(shi)。完善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)督(du)(du)執法制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，扎實(shi)推(tui)進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)綜(zong)合行政執法改革，推(tui)進(jin)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)綜(zong)合行政執法事(shi)項指導目錄》實(shi)施。完善各(ge)領域監(jian)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)措(cuo)施，依法依規開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)監(jian)管(guan)。

同時，通過(guo)非現場監(jian)(jian)管(guan)、大數據監(jian)(jian)管(guan)、無(wu)人機監(jian)(jian)管(guan)等應(ying)用(yong)技術(shu)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)對破壞濕地(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)、草地(di)(di)、自(zi)然岸線和(he)(he)近岸海(hai)域等的開礦、修路、筑(zhu)壩、建設、圍(wei)填海(hai)、采(cai)砂和(he)(he)炸(zha)礁(jiao)行為進行監(jian)(jian)督。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)對濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)保護、荒漠化(hua)(hua)防治、岸線保護修復(fu)和(he)(he)水產(chan)養殖(zhi)環境(jing)(jing)保護的監(jian)(jian)督。堅決杜絕生(sheng)態修復(fu)工程實施過(guo)程中(zhong)的形式(shi)主義。