為打好污染(ran)防治攻(gong)堅戰，推動解決(jue)日益突出的氮磷污染(ran)問(wen)題，生態(tai)環境部近日印發了《關于加強固(gu)定污染(ran)源氮磷污染(ran)防治的通知》(以下(xia)簡稱《通知》)。

《通知》指(zhi)出，全國水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)勢面(mian)臨新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，部(bu)分地(di)區氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)上升為(wei)水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)問題，成為(wei)影響流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)質改(gai)(gai)善的(de)(de)(de)突出瓶頸。氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)較多，固定(ding)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)源(yuan)仍(reng)是重要(yao)(yao)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)，在一些地(di)方還(huan)是主要(yao)(yao)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)。各(ge)地(di)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)重點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)集中處理設施、規模化(hua)畜禽養殖場氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)達標(biao)排(pai)放整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)突破(po)口，強(qiang)化(hua)固定(ding)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)源(yuan)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);重點(dian)流(liu)域要(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)實施排(pai)污(wu)許可制(zhi)為(wei)契機(ji)和抓手(shou)，嚴格控制(zhi)并逐步削(xue)減重點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)排(pai)放總量，推動流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)質改(gai)(gai)善。到2019年底前(qian)，基本完成氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)排(pai)放重點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)超(chao)標(biao)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作。

《通知》明確，將肥料(liao)制造、污水集中(zhong)處理(li)、規模化(hua)畜禽養殖等18個行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)污染防治的(de)重(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，要求全面推進氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)達(da)標排(pai)放。地方各級(ji)環境(jing)保護主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門應(ying)依托排(pai)污許可證(zheng)核發管(guan)(guan)理(li)逐行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)掌握氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)排(pai)放重(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)信息，督促重(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)立氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)排(pai)放管(guan)(guan)理(li)臺賬，摸清行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)排(pai)放底(di)數(shu)。各地環境(jing)保護主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門應(ying)督促指導相關工(gong)礦企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、污水集中(zhong)處理(li)設(she)施優化(hua)升級(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)治理(li)設(she)施并強化(hua)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，提高脫氮(dan)除磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)能力和效(xiao)率。重(zhong)點開(kai)展磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)化(hua)工(gong)和磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)礦采選企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝及污水處理(li)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)改造，推進磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)石膏無害化(hua)處理(li)和資源化(hua)利(li)用(yong)。氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)排(pai)放重(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)重(zhong)點排(pai)污單位應(ying)于2018年6月底(di)前(qian)安裝含總氮(dan)和(或)總磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)指標的(de)自動在(zai)線監控設(she)備并與(yu)環境(jing)保護主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門聯網。

《通知》明確(que)，實(shi)施(shi)重點流域重點行(xing)業(ye)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)排放(fang)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。生態環境部將研究確(que)定實(shi)施(shi)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)排放(fang)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)流域控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單元(yuan)及對(dui)應(ying)行(xing)政區(qu)域，根據排污許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)許(xu)可(ke)排放(fang)量(liang)信(xin)息(xi)確(que)定相(xiang)關流域控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單元(yuan)的(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制指標(biao)，實(shi)施(shi)行(xing)業(ye)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。對(dui)于氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)超標(biao)的(de)(de)流域控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單元(yuan)內新(xin)、改、擴建項目，實(shi)施(shi)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)排放(fang)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)指標(biao)減量(liang)替(ti)代并嚴格落實(shi)到許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)上，嚴控(kong)(kong)(kong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)新(xin)增排放(fang)。

《通知》強調，市、縣兩級人民政(zheng)府在(zai)制定實施工業污(wu)染(ran)源全面達(da)標(biao)排放(fang)工作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)案中(zhong)應強化(hua)氮(dan)磷排放(fang)達(da)標(biao)管理，建(jian)立整(zheng)改(gai)企業臺賬，對(dui)重大問題實行掛(gua)牌督辦，跟蹤(zong)整(zheng)改(gai)銷號。生態環境部優先將工作(zuo)(zuo)成效顯著地區的氮(dan)磷減排工程納入水(shui)污(wu)染(ran)防治中(zhong)央(yang)項(xiang)目(mu)儲備(bei)庫(ku)，對(dui)工作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)不落實、工作(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)標(biao)未完成的地區采取掛(gua)牌督辦、約談、限批等措施，將氮(dan)磷污(wu)染(ran)防治工作(zuo)(zuo)問題突出的納入中(zhong)央(yang)環保督察(cha)。